India has taken a major step toward a greener future with the introduction of two new building codes: the
Energy Conservation and Sustainable Building Code (ECSBC) for commercial structures and the Eco Niwas
Samhita (ENS) for residential properties. These new codes focus on making large buildings more energy-
efficient, eco-friendly, and comfortable. They apply to large commercial buildings and multi-storied
residential complexes with a connected electricity load of 100 kW or more, which means the codes will
impact big offices, shopping malls, and apartment buildings.

Decoding the ECSBC and ENS: A Closer Look

The ECSBC and ENS are far more than mere updates to existing regulations; they represent a comprehensive
and holistic approach to sustainable construction. Key provisions include:

1. Energy Efficiency: Stringent energy performance parameters are set for various building components,
such as air conditioning systems, lighting, and appliances. The codes encourage the use of energy-
efficient technologies and materials, driving down operational costs and carbon emissions.
The goal is to make large buildings use less electricity. Think of your home or office where air
conditioning, lights, and appliances are running all day. The new codes require that these systems use
energy more efficiently. For example, air conditioners must have better energy ratings, and lighting
should rely more on energy-saving LED bulbs instead of older, power-hungry alternatives. Modern
windows that block heat while letting in light are also encouraged. This means lower electricity bills and
a reduced carbon footprint, which benefits both building owners and the environment.

2. Renewable Energy Integration: A significant emphasis is placed on harnessing renewable energy
sources. Commercial buildings must now generate at least 4% of their annual peak demand from
renewables, while residential buildings are encouraged to utilize 10% of their plot area for renewable
energy generation.

Imagine a shopping mall installing solar panels on its vast rooftop. Not only does this help the mall
reduce its dependence on the grid, but it can also generate enough power to run a portion of the building
during daylight hours. In homes, solar panels could be used to power basic needs like lighting, fans, or
even charging electric vehicles, reducing the overall load on the grid and helping homeowners save on
electricity bills.

3. Water Conservation: Water is a precious resource, and the new codes require buildings to use it more
efficiently. For instance, water-saving taps, low-flow showers, and dual-flush toilets are now mandatory
in large buildings. Rainwater harvesting systems, which collect and store rainwater for later use, are also
encouraged, as is the recycling of wastewater for activities like gardening or flushing toilets.

4. Waste Management: Waste management is a crucial part of sustainable construction. The new codes
require large buildings to reduce the amount of construction waste they produce and to have proper plans
for recycling and disposal. For residential buildings, effective systems for separating and managing
household waste are encouraged.

For example, a multi-storied residential building might have separate bins for recyclable materials like
glass, plastic, and paper. Additionally, composting organic waste on-site could reduce the amount of
trash that goes to landfills, while also producing natural fertilizer for landscaping or community gardens.
Construction waste, such as leftover concrete and bricks, should be recycled rather than thrown away,
cutting down on environmental pollution.

5. Sustainable Site Planning and Biodiversity: The codes prioritize the preservation of ecological
integrity and biodiversity during construction and development. Large projects must now include
planning that preserves local plants, minimizes environmental damage, and restores ecosystems that are
disturbed during the building process. Green spaces, such as gardens or parks, are encouraged to improve
the environment around buildings.

Imagine an office building that includes a garden area with native plants, which not only beautifies the
space but also supports local wildlife like birds and butterflies. In another case, a residential complex
could have a rooftop garden or vertical green walls that not only provide insulation to the building but
also reduce air pollution and improve the quality of life for residents.

6. Indoor Environmental Quality: Recognizing the importance of occupant health and well-being, the
codes stipulate measures to ensure good indoor air quality, thermal comfort, and natural lighting. This
includes ensuring good air quality, maintaining comfortable temperatures, and allowing plenty of natural
light. Buildings are encouraged to use materials that don’t release harmful chemicals into the air and to
design spaces that provide proper ventilation.

Think of an office that uses air purifiers and has large windows that let in lots of sunlight. This reduces
the need for artificial lighting and provides a more pleasant, healthier workspace for employees. Good
ventilation can also help reduce the spread of illnesses, making indoor environments safer for everyone.
In homes, this could mean better sleep, improved mood, and overall well-being.

The ECSBC offers compelling benefits for businesses and the commercial sector. Reduced energy
consumption translates to lower operating costs, boosting profitability. A comfortable and healthy work
environment enhances employee productivity and well-being, fostering a positive and attractive workplace.
By embracing sustainable practices, businesses can strengthen their brand image and appeal to
environmentally conscious consumers and investors.

The ENS promises a multitude of advantages for homeowners and residents. Lower energy bills are a major
draw, as energy-efficient homes translate to reduced electricity consumption. Water conservation measures
further contribute to cost savings while promoting environmental responsibility. The emphasis on indoor
environmental quality creates healthier and more comfortable living spaces. Additionally, the integration of
renewable energy sources can potentially lead to energy self-sufficiency, further reducing reliance on the
grid.

While the new codes represent a significant step forward, their successful implementation will require
concerted effort from all stakeholders. Awareness campaigns, training programs, and capacity building
initiatives will be crucial to ensure widespread adoption and compliance. The government, industry bodies,
and educational institutions must collaborate to equip professionals with the knowledge and skills necessary
to design, construct, and operate sustainable buildings.

India’s new building codes are a testament to the nation’s commitment to sustainable development. They
offer a blueprint for creating greener, healthier, and more efficient buildings, benefiting individuals,
businesses, and the environment alike. While challenges remain, the potential rewards are immense. As India
embraces this green building revolution, it paves the way for a brighter and more sustainable future for all.

(Saurabh Diddi, Director, BEE and Meenal Anand, Senior Sector Expert, BEE.)